first of all, let's see what is punishment. punishment is defined as the consequence that occurs immediately after an operant behavior, that reduces the occurrence of the same behavior in the future. basically, punishment attempts to decrease the likelihood of an unpleasant behavior from occurring again in the future.
there are two types of punishment which are positive punishment and negative punishment. both positive and negative punishment are defined as follow:
negative punishment - the occurrence of an unpleasant behavior is followed by an immediate consequence of removing or decreasing the intensity of an pleasant stimulus, to reduce the occurrence of the behavior in the future,
therefore, both positive and negative punishments attempts to reduce the occurrence of the behavior in the future but works in a different way. the examples provided below will help u to differentiate both of the stimulus.
examples :
positive punishment :
John fights with his brother and hits him. therefore, the mother punishes him for hitting his brother by grounding him in his room. hence the unpleasant target behavior (John hitting his brother), is immediately followed by introducing an aversive stimulus as its consequence (the mother grounded him). since, John would hate to be grounded, he would not repeat his behavior in the future because he learned that if he hit his brother, he will be grounded by his mother. this, results in the decrease of the behavior in the future.
negative punishment -
John fights with his brother and hits him. therefore, the mother punishes him for hitting his brother by not allowing him to watch television. hence, the unpleasant target behavior (John hitting his brother) is followed by removing the pleasant stimulus as its consequence (the mother doesn't allow him to watch television). since, John love to watch television, and he would hate it if someone doesn't allow him to do so, he would not repeat his behavior in the future. this is because, he learned that if he hit his brother, his mother won't let him to watch television. this, results in the decrease of the behavior in the future.
based on the examples provided, i would like to conclude that positive punishment involves presenting an unpleasant stimulus as the consequence of a behavior whereas negative punishment involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus as the consequence of a behavior.
for further information regarding punishment and the differences between punishment and reinforcement, u can refer to the links below:
here's a video that can help u to know more on punishment..enjoy watching..
so, thats all from me for now..till we meet again in my next post..see yah..take care.. :D
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